$Unique_ID{USH00543} $Pretitle{63} $Title{Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms antiarmor helicopter - Army service area} $Subtitle{} $Author{Joint Chiefs of Staff} $Affiliation{Department of Defense} $Subject{dod area iadb nato mine air army armed antisubmarine operations} $Volume{JCS Pub 1} $Date{1987} $Log{} Book: Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms Author: Joint Chiefs of Staff Affiliation: Department of Defense Volume: JCS Pub 1 Date: 1987 antiarmor helicopter - Army service area antiarmor helicopter: (DOD, NATO) A helicopter armed primarily for use in the destruction of armored targets. Also called antitank helicopter. anticountermining device: (DOD, NATO) A device fitted in an influence mine designed to prevent its actuation by shock. anticrop agent: (DOD, NATO, IADB) A living organism or chemical used to cause disease or damage to selected food or industrial crops. anticrop operation: (DOD, NATO, IADB) The employment of anticrop agents in military operations to destroy the enemy's source of selected food or industrial crops. See also anti-plant agent; herbicide. antic suit: (DOD, IADB) A device worn by aircrew to counteract the effects on the human body of positive acceleration. antilift device: (DOD, NATO, IADB) A device arranged to detonate the mine to which it is attached, or to detonate another mine or charge nearby, if the mine is disturbed. antimateriel agent: (DOD, NATO, IADB) A living organism or chemical used to cause deterioration of, or damage to, selected material. antimateriel operation: (DOD, NATO, IADB) The employment of antimateriel weapons or agents in military operations. antipersonnel mine (land mine warfare): (DOD, IADB) A mine designed to cause casualties to personnel. See also mine. antiplant agent: (DOD, IADB) A microorganism or chemical that will kill, disease, or damage plants. See also anticrop agent; herbicide. antiradiation missile: (DOD, NATO, IADB) A missile which homes passively on a radiation source. antirecovery device: (DOD, NATO) In naval mine warfare, any device in a mine designed to prevent an enemy discovering details of the working of the mine mechanism. antisubmarine action: (DOD, NATO, IADB) An operation by one or more antisubmarine ships or aircraft, or a combination of both, against a particular enemy submarine. antisubmarine air close support: (DOD, IADB) Air operations for the antisubmarine warfare protection of a supported force. These operations are normally carried out within 80 nautical miles of the force, but this limit may be varied at the discretion of the controlling officer in tactical command. antisubmarine air distant support: (DOD, IADB) Antisubmarine air support at a distance from, but directly related to, specific convoys or forces. antisubmarine air search attack unit: (DOD, IADB) The designation given to one or more aircraft separately organized as a tactical unit to search for and destroy submarines. antisubmarine barrier: (DOD, NATO, IADB) The line formed by a series of static devices or mobile units arranged for the purpose of detecting, denying passage to, or destroying hostile submarines. See also antisubmarine patrol. antisubmarine carrier group: (NATO, IADB) A formed group of ships consisting of one or more antisubmarine carriers and a number of escort vessels whose primary mission is to detect and destroy submarines. Such groups may be employed in convoy support or hunter/killer roles. antisubmarine minefield: (NATO) A field laid specifically against submarines. It may be laid shallow and be unsafe for all craft, including submarines, or laid deep with the aim of being safe for surface ships. antisubmarine operation: (DOD, IADB) Operation contributing to the conduct of antisubmarine warfare. antisubmarine patrol: (DOD, NATO, IADB) The systematic and continuing investigation of an area or along a line to detect or hamper submarines, used when the direction of submarine movement can be established. antisubmarine rocket: (DOD, IADB) A surface ship-launched, rocket-propelled, nuclear depth charge or homing torpedo. Designated as RUR-5A. Popular name is ASROC. antisubmarine screen: (DOD, NATO, IADB) An arrangement of ships and/or aircraft for the protection of a screened unit against attack by a submarine. antisubmarine search: (DOD, NATO, IADB) Systematic investigation of a particular area for the purpose of locating a submarine known or suspected to be somewhere in the area. Some types of search are also used in locating the position of a distress incident. antisubmarine support operation: (DOD, NATO, IADB) An operation conducted by an antisubmarine force in the area around a force or convoy, in areas through which the force or convoy is passing, or in defense of geographic areas. Support operations may be completely coordinated with those of the force or convoy, or they may be independent operations coordinated only to the extent of providing operational intelligence and information. antisubmarine torpedo: (DOD, IADB) A submarine-launched, long-range, high-speed, wire-guided, deep-diving, wakeless torpedo capable of carrying a nuclear warhead for use in antisubmarine and antisurface ship operations. Also called ASTOR. antisubmarine warfare: (DOD, NATO, IADB) Operations conducted with the intention of denying the enemy the effective use of his submarines. antisubmarine warfare forces: (DOD, IADB) Forces organized primarily for antisubmarine action. May be composed of surface ships, aircraft, submarines, or any combination of these, and their supporting systems. antisurface air operation: (DOD, NATO) An air operation conducted in an air/ sea environment against enemy surface forces. antisweep device: (DOD, NATO) Any device incorporated in the mooring of a mine or obstructor, or in the mine circuits to make the sweeping of the mine more difficult. antisweeper mine: (DOD, NATO) A mine which is laid or whose mechanism is designed or adjusted, with the specific object of damaging mine countermeasure vehicles. See also mine. antitank helicopter: See antiarmor helicopter. antitank mine: (DOD, NATO, IADB) A mine designed to immobilize or destroy a tank. See also mine. antiterrorism: (DOD) Defensive measures used to reduce the vulnerability of individuals and property to terrorism. Also called AT. See also counterterrorism; terrorism. antivignetting filter: (DOD, NATO) A filter bearing a deposit which is graduated in density to correct for the uneven illumination given by certain lenses, particularly wideangle types. antiwatching device: (DOD, NATO) A device fitted in a moored mine which causes it to sink should it watch, so as to prevent the position of the mine or minefield being disclosed. See also watching mine. apogee: (DOD, IADB) The point at which a missile trajectory or a satellite orbit is farthest from the center of the gravitational field of the controlling body or bodies. apparent horizon: (DOD, NATO, IADB) The visible line of demarcation between land/sea and sky. apparent precession: (DOD, NATO) The apparent deflection of the gyro axis, relative to the earth, due to the rotating effect of the earth and not due to any applied force. Also called apparent wander. apparent wander: See apparent precession. appendix: (DOD, IADB) A subsidiary addition to a main paper. Details essential to the main paper but too bulky or numerous to include therein are usually embodied in appendices. applicable materiel assets: (DOD) That portion of the total acceptable materiel assets that meets the military or other characteristics as defined by the responsible Military Service and that is in the right condition and location to satisfy a specific military requirement. application: (DOD, IADB) The system or problem to which a computer is applied. Reference is often made to an application as being either of the computational type, wherein arithmetic computations predominate, or of the data processing type, wherein data handling operations predominate. applied research: (DOD, IADB) Research concerned with the practical application of knowledge, material, and/or techniques directed toward a solution to an existent or anticipated military requirement. See also basic research; research. apportionment: (DOD, NATO) The determination and assignment of the total expected effort by percentage and/or by priority that should be devoted to the various air operations and/or geographic areas for a given period of time. appreciation of the situation: See estimate of the situation. appreciations: (DOD) Assumptions, estimates, and facts about an opponent's intentions and military capabilities used in planning and decision making: a. desired appreciations - Adversary estimates that result in adversary intentions and military capabilities to friendly advantage. b. essential secrecy - Specific unknowns or uncertainties that prevent or hinder adversary derivation of accurate estimates or knowledge of facts, and effective planning and decision making. c. harmful appreciations - Adversary assumptions or estimates to provide for unknowns or uncertainties, or necessary and sufficient known facts, that result in adversary intentions and military capabilities to friendly disadvantage. approach clearance: (DOD) Authorization for a pilot conducting flight in accordance with instrument flight rules to commence an approach to an airport. approach end: (DOD, NATO) That end of a runway nearest to the direction from which the final approach is made. approach lane: (DOD, NATO, IADB) An extension of a boat lane from the line of departure toward the transport area. It may be terminated by marker ships, boats or buoys. approach march: (DOD, NATO) Advance of a combat unit when direct contact with the enemy is imminent. Troops are fully or partially deployed. The approach march ends when ground contact with the enemy is made or when the attack position is occupied. See also advance to contact. approach route: (NATO) A route which joins a port to a coastal or transit route. approach schedule: (DOD, NATO, IADB) The schedule which indicates, for each scheduled wave, the time of departure from the rendezvous area, from the line of departure, and from other control points and the time of arrival at the beach. approach sequence: (DOD, NATO) The order in which two or more aircraft are cleared for an approach. approach time: (DOD, IADB) The time at which an aircraft is expected to commence approach procedure. approach time: NATO) The time at which an aircraft commences its final approach preparatory to landing. apron: (DOD, NATO, IADB) A defined area, on an airfield, intended to accommodate aircraft for purposes of loading or unloading passengers or cargo, refueling, parking, or maintenance. area: See also advisory area; aircraft dispersal area; aircraft marshalling area; air defense action area; alighting area; amphibious vehicle launching area; area control center; assembly area; caution area; closed area; concentration area; control area; danger area; defensive coastal area; embarkation area; fire support area; homogeneous area; impact area; initial approach area; key areas; landing area; maneuvering area; maritime area; naval support area; objective area; prohibited area; run-up area; signal area; staging area; submarine patrol areas; terminal control area; transit area. See also zone. area air defense commander: (DOD) Within an overseas unified command, subordinate unified command, or joint task force, the commander will assign overall responsibility for air defense to a single commander. Normally, this will be the Air Force component commander. Representation from the other Service components involved will be provided, as appropriate, to the area air defense commander's headquarters. area bombing: (DOD, NATO, IADB) Bombing of a target which is in effect a general area rather than a small or pinpoint target. area command: (IADB) A command which is composed of those organized elements of one or more of the armed services, designated to operate in a specific geographical area, which are placed under a single commander, e.g.; Commander of a Unified Command, Area Commander. See also command. area command: (DOD, NATO) A command which is composed of those organized elements of one or more of the armed services, designated to operate in a specific geographical area, which are placed under a single commander. See also command. area control center: (DOD, NATO, IADB) A unit established to provide air traffic control service to controlled flights in control areas under its jurisdiction. See also air traffic control center; flight information region. area coordination group: (DOD, IADB) A composite organization, including representatives of local military, paramilitary, and other governmental agencies and their US counterparts, responsible for planning and coordinating internal defense and development operations. (Note: IADB does not use the words "and their United States counterparts.") area damage control: (DOD, NATO, IADB) Measures taken before, during or after hostile action or natural or man-made disasters, to reduce the probability of damage and minimize its effects. See also damage control; disaster control; rear area security. area of influence: (DOD, NATO) A geographical area wherein a commander is directly capable of influencing operations, by maneuver or fire support systems normally under his command or control. area of intelligence responsibility: (DOD, NATO) An area allocated to a commander, in which he is responsible for the provision of intelligence, within the means at his disposal. See also area of responsibility. area of interest: (DOD, NATO, IADB) That area of concern to the commander, including the area of influence, areas adjacent thereto, and extending into enemy territory to the objectives of current or planned operations. This area also includes areas occupied by enemy forces who could jeopardize the accomplishment of the mission. area of militarily significant fallout: (DOD, NATO, IADB) The area in which radioactive fallout affects the ability of military units to carry out their normal mission. area of northern operations: (DOD) A region of variable width in the Northern Hemisphere that lies north of the 50 degrees isotherm - a line along which the average temperature of the warmest 4-month period of the year does not exceed 50 degrees Fahrenheit. Mountain regions located outside of this area are included in this category of operations provided these same temperature conditions exist. area of operational interest: (NATO) In air defense, an area in which automatic cross-telling of tracks of interest is provided to an adjacent site based on established criteria, such as identity and location. area of operations: (DOD, NATO) That portion of an area of war necessary for military operations and for the administration of such operations. area of responsibility: (DOD, NATO, IADB) 1. A defined area of land in which responsibility is specifically assigned to the commander of the area for the development and maintenance of installations, control of movement and the conduct of tactical operations involving troops under his control along with parallel authority to exercise these functions. 2. In naval usage, a predefined area of enemy terrain for which supporting ships are responsible for covering by fire on known targets or targets of opportunity and by observation. area of war: (DOD, IADB) That area of land, sea, and air which is, or may become, directly involved in the operations of war. area operations: (DOD, NATO) In maritime usage, operations conducted in a geographical area and not related to the protection of a specific force. area radar prediction analysis: (DOD) Radar target intelligence study designed to provide radar significant data for use in the preparation of radar target predictions. area search: (DOD, IADB) Visual reconnaissance of limited or defined areas. area search: (NATO) Reconnaissance or search of a specific area to provide new or updated information on general or specific situations and/or activities. area target: (DOD, NATO, IADB) A target consisting of an area rather than a single point. areodesy: (DOD) The branch of mathematics which determines, by observation and measurement, the exact positions of points and the figures and areas of large portions of the surface of the planet Mars, or the shape and size of the planet Mars. areodetic: (DOD) Of, pertaining to, or determined by areodesy. armed forces: (DOD, IADB) The military forces of a nation or a group of nations. See also force(s). armed forces censorship: (DOD) The examination and control of personal communications to or from persons in the Armed Forces of the United States and persons accompanying or serving with the Armed Forces of the United States. See also censorship. armed forces courier: (DOD, IADB) An officer or enlisted member in the grade of E-7 or above, of the US Armed Forces, assigned to perform Armed Forces Courier Service duties and identified by possession of an Armed Forces Courier Service Identification Card (ARF-COS Form 9). See also courier. Armed Forces Courier Service: (DOD) A joint service of the Departments of the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force, with the Chief of Staff, US Army, as Executive Agent. The courier service provides one of the available methods for the secure and expeditious transmission of material requiring protected handling by military courier. armed forces courier station: (DOD) An Army, Navy, or Air Force activity, approved by the respective military department and officially designated by Headquarters, Armed Forces Courier Service, for the acceptance, processing, and dispatching of Armed Forces Courier Service material. Armed Forces of the United States: (DOD) A term used to denote collectively all components of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. See also United States Armed Forces. armed helicopter: (DOD, NATO) A helicopter fitted with weapons or weapon systems. armed mine: (DOD, NATO) A mine from which all safety devices have been withdrawn and, after laying, all automatic safety features and/or arming delays have operated. Such a mine is ready to function after receipt of a target signal, influence or contact. armed mine: (IADB) A mine ready for actuation. See also mine. armed reconnaissance: (DOD, IADB) A mission with the primary purpose of locating and attacking targets of opportunity, i.e., enemy materiel, personnel, and facilities, in assigned general areas or along assigned ground communications routes, and not for the purpose of attacking specific briefed targets. armed reconnaissance: (NATO) An air mission flown with the primary purpose of locating and attacking targets of opportunity, i.e., enemy materiel, personnel, and facilities, in assigned general areas or along assigned ground communications routes, and not for the purpose of attacking specific briefed targets. armed sweep: (DOD, NATO) A sweep fitted with cutters or other devices to increase its ability to cut mine moorings. arming: (DOD, NATO, IADB) As applied to explosives, weapons, and ammunition, the changing from a safe condition to a state of readiness for initiation. arming delay device: (DOD, NATO) A device fitted in a mine to prevent it being actuated for a present time after laying. arming lanyard: See arming wire. arming pin: (DOD, NATO) A safety device which is inserted into a fuze to prevent the arming cycle from starting until its removal. arming system: (DOD, IADB) That portion of a weapon which serves to ready (arm), safe, or re-safe (disarm) the firing system and fuzing system and which may actuate devices in the nuclear system. arming wire: (DOD, NATO) A cable, wire, or lanyard attached to the aircraft (usually at the arming unit) and routed to a weapon system (i.e. fuze fin, parachute pack, etc.) to prevent arming initiation prior to weapon release. Also called "safety wire"; "arming lanyard"; "safety lanyard." armored personnel carrier: (DOD) A lightly armored, highly mobile, full-tracked vehicle, amphibious and air-droppable, used primarily for transporting personnel and their individual equipment during tactical operations. Production modifications or application of special kits permit use as a mortar carrier, command post, flame thrower, antiaircraft artillery chassis, or limited recovery vehicle. armored reconnaissance airborne assault vehicle: (DOD, IADB) A lightly armored, mobile, full-tracked vehicle serving as the main reconnaissance vehicle in infantry and airborne operations, and as the principal assault weapon of airborne troops. arms control: (DOD, IADB) A concept that connotes: a. any plan, arrangement, or process, resting upon explicit or implicit international agreement, governing any aspect of the following: the numbers, types, and performance characteristics of weapon systems (including the command and control, logistics support arrangements, and any related intelligence gathering mechanism); and the numerical strength, organization, equipment, deployment or employment of the armed forces retained by the parties. (It encompasses "disarmament.") and b. on some occasions, those measures taken for the purpose of reducing instability in the military environment. arms control agreement: (DOD, IADB) The written or unwritten embodiment of the acceptance of one or more arms control measures by two or more nations. arms control agreement verification: (DOD, IADB) A concept that entails the collection, processing, and reporting of data indicating testing or employment of proscribed weapon systems, including country of origin and location, weapon and payload identification, and event type. arms control measure: (DOD, IADB) Any specific arms control course of action. armstrong: (DOD) The term, peculiar to the Air Support Radar Team, indicating both the command and response for arming and fuzing circuit activation. army: (NATO) 1. A formation larger than an army corps but smaller than an army group. It usually consists of two or more army corps. 2. In certain nations "army" is the land component of the armed forces. 3. In certain nations "army" covers all the armed forces. Army Air Defense Command Post: (DOD, IADB) The tactical headquarters of an Army air defense commander. Army air-ground system: (DOD, IADB) The Army system which provides for interface between Army and tactical air support agencies of other Services in the planning, evaluating, processing, and coordinating of air support requirements and operations. It is composed of appropriate staff members, including G-2 air and G-3 air personnel, and necessary communication equipment. Army base: (DOD) A base or group of installations for which a local commander is responsible, consisting of facilities necessary for support of Army activities including security, internal lines of communication, utilities, plants and systems, and real property for which the Army has operating responsibility. See also base complex. Army corps: (DOD, IADB) A tactical unit larger than a division and smaller than a field army. A corps usually consists of two or more divisions together with auxiliary arms and services. army corps: (NATO) A formation larger than a division but smaller than an army or army group. It usually consists to two or more divisions together with supporting arms and services. Also called corps. Army group: (DOD, IADB) Several field armies under a designated commander. army group: (NATO) The largest formation of land forces, normally comprising two or more armies or army corps under a designated commander. Army service area: (DOD, IADB) The territory between the corps rear boundary and the combat zone rear boundary. Most of the Army administrative establishment and service troops are usually located in this area. See also rear area.